Blisters and pustules are visible signs of irritation or inflammation that can appear on a dog’s skin. They often result from a variety of underlying conditions, ranging from bacterial infections to autoimmune diseases. These eruptions can be painful and uncomfortable for your pet, leading to discomfort and suffering. If left untreated, these blisters may return or worsen, leading to more serious complications such as secondary infections or even life-threatening issues in rare cases.
The appearance of blisters and pustules is typically associated with a bacterial infection known as pyoderma. This condition leads to pus-filled blisters on the skin, which may result from the presence of harmful bacteria. Other causes could include fungal dermatophytosis (like ringworm) or allergic reactions to certain substances. In some cases, autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus or pemphigus can also trigger a vesiculopustular response in the skin, where the body mistakenly attacks its own cells.
When it comes to treating these conditions, it’s crucial to address the underlying cause. Whether it’s a bacterial infection, an autoimmune response, or allergic reactions, identifying the source of the issue is key. A veterinarian may recommend antibiotics or immunosuppressant medications to eradicate the infection or control the body’s immune response. In some cases, chronic conditions may require long-term management to prevent flare-ups or recurring symptoms.
It’s important to monitor your dog’s skin closely for any changes. If you notice blisters or pustules developing, seek veterinary help promptly to avoid further complications. Early intervention can often prevent the condition from becoming severe, making it easier to treat and improving your pet’s health and comfort.
Symptoms of Skin Blisters and Pustules in Dogs
When your dog develops blisters or pustules, you might notice signs of discomfort like itching or pruritus. Dogs often try to relieve this irritation by licking, scratching, or even attempting self-harm. These blisters can appear in warm, humid areas like the folds of the skin, around the neck, or armpits, and are often red or ulcerated. They may secrete pus, turning crusty or yellow as they heal. In some cases, scabs or welts form on pressure points like the elbows. These outbreaks can also show up on the footpads, ears, or even around the anus.
In more severe cases, blisters might emerge around the eyes, groin, or axillae, causing further irritation. If left untreated, these symptoms can escalate into a serious condition, leading to ulcers or scaling of the skin, and even hair loss in certain spots. Pain is also common, and you may notice your pet displaying anxiety or discomfort. The odor of the affected area may change, often becoming foul if infection sets in. A visit to the veterinarian is necessary for a proper diagnosis and to address the reason behind these blisters. Early detection is key to preventing serious complications.
Types
There are different types of blisters and pustules that can appear on a dog’s skin, with some being acute and others more chronic. Acute cases usually appear suddenly and may resolve within a short period if the cause is addressed quickly with the right treatment. These types of pustules often heal without causing long-term problems. However, in certain circumstances, if left untreated, the condition can escalate into a life-threatening issue. In such cases, it’s crucial to control the condition by removing the cause and applying the appropriate treatments. Regular veterinary care and treatment are recommended to ensure proper resolution and avoid complications.
- Pyodermas
Pyodermas are a type of bacterial skin infection that can cause yellow pustules to form on a dog’s skin. These pustules often ooze fluid and can lead to severe itching, especially around the folds of the skin, toes, and feet. In some cases, the infection can affect areas like the trunk, abdomen, or even the faces of dogs. Obese dogs or puppies are often more predisposed to this condition. The infection is contagious between pets, and while it’s rare for it to spread to humans, it’s still important to manage the infection quickly to prevent further discomfort and complications. If left untreated, pyodermas can cause the skin to become irritated and inflamed, leading to more severe health issues.
- Skin Fold Dermatitis
- Bulldogs are prone
- Skin becomes red
- Irritation might be found on the lips, face, and vulva
- May progress with severe complications if left untreated
- Cutaneous Lymphoma
- This is a rare type of skin cancer
- Displays with itching ulcers, redness, and nodules
- Unfortunately this skin condition may not respond to treatment
Autoimmune Skin Conditions
- Pemphigus Foliaceus
- Akitas are prone
- The skin around the nails can be affected
- Ulcers may also be found in the ears, eyes, footpads and groin
- Pemphigus Vegetans
- Presents with chronic oozing and pus
- Is more prevalent warmer sunny climates
- Sun is a potential trigger
- Pemphigus Vulgaris
- Appears with fluid-filled blisters
- Become open sores as the blisters rupture easily
- Found in mouth, nostrils and around anus
- Pemphigus Erythematosus
- There will be scaling of skin
- Irritation begins with redness and crusty patches
- There may be hair loss specifically on nose
- Bullous Pemphigoid
- Presents with welts first
- Next stage is sacs of clear fluid
- Can be very itchy
- The most common places it is found are the mouth, axillae (armpits) and groin
Causes of Skin Blisters and Pustules in Dogs
Skin blisters and pustules can occur for a variety of reasons, some of which are listed below:
Skin blisters and pustules in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors, with bacteria like Staphylococci being one of the most common culprits. These bacteria often colonize warm, moist areas of the skin, particularly when the dog has a weakened immune system or is dealing with secondary conditions such as allergies or parasites. Pyodermas, a type of bacterial infection, can occur as a result of bacteria damaging the epidermis and causing separation in the skin. Additionally, autoimmune diseases like vesiculopustular dermatoses may lead to blisters, as the immune system mistakenly attacks the dog’s own healthy cells. Other causes include tumors, bites, wounds, or even medications that suppress the immune system, making the dog more susceptible to infections.
In some cases, genetics plays a role, as certain breeds are more prone to autoimmune diseases and skin conditions. Immunosuppression caused by underlying illnesses, such as cancer or liver disease, can also increase the likelihood of developing blisters and pustules. Urine scalding, especially in older dogs, can irritate the skin, creating a perfect environment for bacterial growth.
Pyoderma
- Bacterial infection
Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
- Ringworm is a fungal infection that is more common in puppies and tends to cause fur loss and dry skin
Demodicosis or demodectic mange
- Mite infestation which usually causes intense itching and scabby skin
Hereditary immune-mediated diseases
Lupus
- Systemic or cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SLE or CLE)
- SLE can affect muscles, joints, blood, or kidneys as well as the skin, while CLE only has cutaneous symptoms
- Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs, German Shepherds
Pemphigus foliaceus
- Pemphigus foliaceus is the most common form of the pemphigus complex with generalized pustules all over the body
- Akitas, Chow Chows, Dachshunds, Bearded Collies, Newfoundlands, Doberman Pinschers, Schipperkes, Finnish Spitzes
Pemphigus erythematosus
- A milder form of pemphigus foliaceus with symptoms only on the head and feet
- Collies, German Shepherds, Shetland Sheepdogs
Pemphigus vulgaris
- The most severe form of the pemphigus complex with blisters and severe ulceration in the mouth or other places where the skin and mucus membranes join
Bullous pemphigoid
- An autoimmune response that attacks a protein in the skin. Dogs often have blisters in the mouth and nose
- Collies, Doberman Pinschers
Sterile eosinophilic pustulosis
- An allergic rash characterized by pustules with high numbers of eosinophils
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
- Pustules and crusting on the feet
- Schnauzers
Linear IgA dermatosis
- A skin disorder with pustules located just below the surface of the skin
- Dachshunds only
Epidermolysis bullosa
- Epidermolysis bullosa is a hereditary disorder that causes blistering on the skin in response to mild trauma
- The disease causes inflammatory damage to the muscles and skin in young dogs
- Most skin symptoms affect the face
- Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs, and sometimes Chow Chows
Dermatomyositis
- Genetic disorder that affects the skin, muscles, and blood vessels
- Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs
Cutaneous drug eruption
- An allergic skin reaction to certain medications
Diagnosis of Skin Blisters and Pustules in Dogs
When a dog develops blisters or pustules, the appearance and location of the lesions provide a valuable clue for the veterinarian. To diagnose the condition, the vet will typically examine the skin and might perform tests such as cytology, where they use a needle to aspirate fluid from a pustule and examine the cells under a microscope. If needed, a skin scrape or biopsy with punch tools may be done to further investigate whether there is a bacterial, fungal, or even parasitic cause. In some cases, bloodwork and urinalysis can help identify if there’s a systemic illness like SLE or an autoimmune disorder.
In addition to looking for bacteria or fungi, the vet will also consider the dog’s age, breed, and symptoms to distinguish between different types of skin conditions. If allergies or drug reactions are suspected, an adhesive tape prep might be used to check for yeast or parasitic infections. The goal is to evaluate the underlying cause and make sure the condition is treatable. In some cases, additional tests like culturing the skin swab or cytology will be performed to identify specific organisms causing the issue.
- Specifics on your pet’s diet (brand of food, treats)
- Medications your dog may be taking
- Grooming products used (bring labels for analysis)
- Recent illnesses
- Travel history
When a dog develops blisters or pustules, the appearance and location of the lesions can give the veterinarian a valuable clue about the potential cause. To diagnose the condition, the vet will first examine the skin closely and may suggest tests like cytology, where a needle is used to aspirate fluid from the pustule and study the cells under a microscope. If necessary, a biopsy may be performed using a punch tool, especially if the cause is suspected to be related to an autoimmune disorder like SLE or dermatomyositis.
Further tests, such as bloodwork and urinalysis, can help determine if the blisters are a result of a systemic illness or an allergic reaction to drugs or other triggers. The vet might also perform a scraping to check for parasites, fungal infections, or bacterial growth. In cases of suspected yeast or bacterial infections, an adhesive tape prep may be used to collect samples. This process helps the vet distinguish between the various potential causes of skin lesions and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Treatment of Skin Blisters and Pustules in Dogs
The treatment of skin blisters and pustules depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In cases of pyodermas, where bacterial infections are present, oral or topical antibiotics are often the first line of defense. These medications help clear the infection, with visible improvements usually within weeks. For severe cases, medicated shampoos may be recommended for bathing your dog, to keep the affected skin clean and free from bacteria. In addition, anti-inflammatories and corticosteroids like prednisone may be used to reduce swelling and pain caused by inflammation.
For autoimmune conditions, such as pemphigus vulgaris or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the treatment becomes more complex. These conditions require immunosuppressant medications, such as pentoxifylline or glucocorticoids, to control the immune system’s response. Chemotherapy may also be considered in advanced cases. In addition to medication, a dietary overhaul with fatty acid supplements like vitamin E can promote better skin health and help manage the condition. For autoimmune responses, acupuncture or light therapy can be effective supportive treatments.
In more severe or chronic cases, where secondary bacterial or fungal infections complicate the recovery, systemic care may be required. This could involve outpatient or even inpatient care, with intensive monitoring. Dogs with advanced autoimmune diseases may need regular hospitalization to manage symptoms and prevent complications like muscle atrophy or epidermolysis bullosa. Ensuring a proper treatment plan tailored to the dog’s specific needs is key to achieving a positive outcome and managing discomfort throughout the healing process.
Recovery of Skin Blisters and Pustules in Dogs
The recovery of skin blisters and pustules in dogs depends on the seriousness of the condition and how quickly treatment begins. In cases like pyodermas, where bacterial skin infections are involved, recovery can take weeks, though signs of improvement may be evident within days with the right treatment. Early intervention is crucial, and in some recurrent cases, oral and topical antibiotics may be prescribed by your veterinarian to target the staphylococcal bacteria causing the infection. In addition to antibiotics, bandages, Elizabethan collars, and avoiding licking or biting the affected areas can promote healing.
For autoimmune-related blisters, such as those caused by pemphigus or vesiculopustular dermatoses, the recovery process may require long-term management. In these cases, immune suppressants, corticosteroids, or even chemotherapy might be necessary. These treatments help control flare-ups and reduce the severity of symptoms. Regular check-ups with your veterinarian are important to monitor the dog’s progress and ensure the condition is under control. Blood tests, urinalysis, and other diagnostic tools may be needed to assess the dog’s health and immune function.
In all cases, grooming plays a key role in recovery. Keeping the dog’s skin clean and free of dirt can prevent bacteria from trapping in the hair and causing further infections. It is advisable to have a professional groomer help with hair removal around the affected areas to avoid further irritation. Be cautious about sunlight exposure, as it may trigger flare-ups in dogs with autoimmune conditions. Also, maintaining a balanced diet, proper hygiene, and possibly adding immune-boosting supplements can aid in quicker healing and reduce the risk of secondary infections.
Lastly, if your dog is predisposed to recurring blisters or pustules, it is essential to manage their health through a consistent treatment plan and regular veterinary visits. Pet insurance can be a great tool to help cover the costs of ongoing treatments. Always follow your veterinarian’s advice closely and never stop medication or change dosages without their input. With proper care and attention, most dogs can recover and live a comfortable life, but it is important to be vigilant about long-term management to avoid future complications.
Vesiculopustular Dermatoses in Dogs
Vesiculopustular dermatoses in dogs occur when vesicles or blisters form on the skin, usually filled with serum or watery fluid. These vesicles sit on the outer layer of the skin, or the epidermis, and may eventually break open, leading to the formation of pustules that are filled with pus, a mixture of white blood cells and cellular debris. This abnormality in the skin can be caused by various organisms like bacteria or fungi, and may be associated with other diseases or disorders. Often, dogs with this condition will have multiple pustules covering large areas of their skin, and it may occur alongside concurrent issues such as infections or allergic reactions. If left untreated, the condition can worsen, causing skin damage and further complications.
Symptoms and Types
One or more of the following signs may be present:
- Hair loss
- Reddened skin
- Vesicles or blisters: small elevations of the outer layer of the skin filled with clear fluid
- Pustules: small elevations of the outer layer of the skin filled with pus
- Loss of pigment of the skin and/or hair
How do you treat blisters on a dog’s skin?
For now, you can gently clean the open blister with warm saline (1 teaspoon salt in 1 cup water) and apply a thin layer of plain OTC antibiotic ointment like Neosporin twice daily, but don’t let her lick it.
What do dog blisters look like?
These blisters typically appear as raised red or purple spots on the skin and can be caused by a variety of factors.
What are pus blisters on dogs skin?
Pyoderma in dogs is, literally, pus in their skin. It’s a bacterial infection of the skin and hair follicles. Pyoderma is the most frequent reason for antibiotic use in dogs. This condition is easily diagnosed since it is visible, but the treatment is challenging because of bacterial resistance.
How do you treat skin sores in dogs?
Treatment of skin ulcers depends on the underlying cause. If the skin ulcers are caused by a bacteria or have become infected, antibiotics may be prescribed. If your dog is itchy, Apoquel® or Cytopoint® may be recommended as well to keep them from irritating the affected area while it heals.
Can I put vaseline on dog sores?
While Vaseline is safe for human use, applying it to your dog’s skin or paws might not be advisable. The main concern is ingestion. Dogs are likely to lick areas where Vaseline is applied, leading to potential digestion of this petroleum product. Ingesting Vaseline can cause upset stomachs or diarrhea in dogs.